Loan Management System Project Proposal free essay sample

All associations whether huge or little have a type of record(s) for their funds. Budgetary foundations are associations that offer cash loaning administrations to individuals and business associations have set up accounts of their customers. A credit the board framework is a database the board framework used to robotize the advance administrations of budgetary establishments. It fills the need of simple document recovery and section. The computerization of advance administrations not just offers secure types of assistance of the credit subtleties to the client and the association yet in addition serves the association gigantic entireties of cash that would have been spent on fixed for a situation where a document framework is utilized. In short the framework will empower cash loaning associations to give great client relations by having the option to safeguard the respectability of the credit subtleties, to empower simple document access and recovery and increment security on client subtleties. This venture is worried about the structure, advancement and execution of a database that will empower cash loaning associations to record the loaning of cash, proposed time of overhauling the credit, purposes behind getting, client subtleties and creating reports about advances. We will compose a custom article test on Advance Management System Project Proposal or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 1. 1 Problem articulation The overseeing of colossal information successfully and productively for effective outcomes, putting away of private data, for example, the clients subtleties and the credit subtleties, so that the database can be changed ends up being unwieldy. Significant expenses spent on fixed for the credit application structures * The framework is mistake inclined. * It is anything but difficult to temper with the documents with the current framework. * Lack of appropriately incorporated framework to catch client subtleties and credit application subtleties simultaneously. * Either no reports producing in the current framework or they are created with incredible trouble. Reports set aside effort to produce in the current framework. 1. 2 Needs proclamation Most of cash loaning foundations are confronted issues of significant expenses in fixed for credit application structures, there are blunders when the structures are being filled in which prompts wastage of paper. Advance records effectively disappear and the security of the documents at a high likely hazard as they can be handily changed or taken. The association requires an incorporated framework that will empower operators to catch information both client subtleties and credit application subtleties easily. The achievability study was done to test whether the proposed framework merits being executed. Attainability study is a trial of framework proposed with respect to its work capacity, its effect on the association capacity to address client issues and powerful utilization of assets. It is generally done by few individuals who know about the data framework strategies, comprehend the piece of the business or association that will be included or affected by the venture and are gifted in the framework examination and configuration process. . 3 Objectives * Investigate the advance administrations of microfinance associations. * Produce framework necessities particular. * Design and build up the proposed framework * Implement an advance administration framework that will hold data to empower cash loaning foundations become increasingly effective. * Production of client documentation and specialized documentation. 1. 4 PROPOSED TECHNICAL APPROACH *

Levels of Inflation in Brazil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Levels of Inflation in Brazil - Research Paper Example This paper presents brief examination of verifiable information of the expansion rates in Brazil. From the exploration it is clear, that the pace of expansion, winning in the Brazilian economy is high, when contrasted with other created economies on the planet. The detailed pace of expansion in Brazil was 5.1 percent in April 2012. The announced paces of expansion in the US, UK and China were 2.3%, 3.47%, and 3.45% separately. Every one of these paces of swelling are lower than that of Brazil. The monetary conditions in the South American nations are not in the same class when contrasted with other created nations. In any case, the economy of Brazil has been developing at a fast pace and it is getting one of the all around created economies on the planet. Brazil is the biggest economy in South America and it has been developing at incredible rates in the ongoing past. With the quick financial development, certain difficulties will undoubtedly be confronted and one of such difficulties is the high pace of expansion. Swelling alludes to the ascent in costs when contrasted with a predetermined degree of buying power. The verifiable information of the expansion rates in Brazil proposes that the swelling rates in the Brazilian economy have not followed a steady pattern and there have been various vacillations in the expansion rates. In the arrangement of broke down information, its most noteworthy pace of swelling can be seen in the year 2005 which is 8.07% and in the quickly one year from now, the expansion rate tumbled to 4.63% which is a huge fall. The pace of expansion has indicated a close to steady conduct.

8 Tips to Spot an Online Imposter - OppLoans

8 Tips to Spot an Online Imposter - OppLoans 8 Tips to Spot an Online Imposter 8 Tips to Spot an Online ImposterOne minute youre having a quiet evening on your home computer. The next, youre exchanging messages with Nigerian royalty. Dont let this be you!Thank you for joining me here in the internet parlor. I apologize for waking you all, but this simply could not wait. I’ve determined that one of you, here in this internet mansion, is an imposter! Yes, one of you is lying about your identity.Perhaps it’s you, Stacey, the Instagram model who is constantly spamming links to diet pill stores on random posts. All of your conversations seem to always come back to the aforementioned diet pills. Your face was also stolen from a collection of 2012 intramural tennis champions.However, it may be you, Jeff. You claim to be my grandson, and yet your only communications to me are emails asking for money to bail you out of jail. You claim I can’t talk to your parents or else you’ll get in trouble, but surely I’m not the only one who finds this all suspicious.And f inally, there’s you, Christopher. You’ve told us all you’re a Nigerian Prince and that we need to wire you $5,000 to help you escape the country. In return, you’ll grant us each $10,000 once you can access your accounts again. While this offer may be compelling, I find it worthy of some skepticism.In fact, there are multiple imposters here! Do you, dear reader, know how I determined who the imposters are? Read on, and you may become quite the internet detective yourself.Here are the top eight  tips to spot an imposter online!1. Recognize the risks and reality.The first step towards spotting an online imposter is understanding that anyone could be lying about who they are. This is generally true, but all the more true online.“Understand the limitations of your technology,” advised Monica Eaton-Cardone, owner COO of Chargebacks911 (@Chargebacks911). Communicating with someone online is sort of like shouting at a stranger through a locked door, minus the peep-hole: Youre n ever entirely sure who the person is, and its incumbent upon you to adequately vet the person before you unlock your deadbolt.“Like it or not, the responsibility is yours. The online world is eerily similar to communicating behind a locked door because there are barriers to transparency. Clearly, texting with someone online, whether you know them or not, is radically different than talking to them in person.”2. Ask direct questions.Back in the day, if you wanted to trick someone into giving you money, you had to actually and actively maintain an ongoing character performance. Really, it was an acting challenge as much as anything else. But now these lazy scammers can just rely on automated bots to do the foolery for them. Luckily, those bots can’t stand up to much scrutiny.“If youre not sure, ask direct, follow-up questions that necessitate more than yes or no,” recommended Eaton-Cardone. Some online impostors rely on scam-bots that spit-out different prepackaged responses to inquiries.This might happen, for instance, when a scam-bot poses as a Facebook friend and sends you an urgent message, requesting money because of an unusual emergency. When you respond, the bot will respond back but fortunately, its technology isnt anywhere close to being as robust as a real persons responses.So ask direct questions. Be specific. Usually, these fabricated conversations become clumsier the longer they go, and the technological limitations become more obvious.3. Ask trick questions.If you’re actually engaging with a real person and not a bot, you may have to get a bit sneakier with your questions. To beat a trickster, you must become a trickster.“It’s always dangerous to reply to suspicious emails, but here’s another tactic that might be useful with email, social media, and maybe even over the phone or face to face,” offered cybersecurity expert and author Greg Scott (@DGregScott). “Challenge the potential attacker with a bogus question. I see people on social media all the time who try to impersonate friends.“Let’s say Roy and I took a trip last year to northern Minnesota. And then somebody impersonating Roy emails or wants to connect with me over social media. If I’m not sure whether it’s really Roy, I’ll challenge with a question, something like, “Hey Roy, what was the name of the restaurant where we ate lunch in our trip to Iowa a couple years ago?” The only correct answer is, it’s a bogus question and we never took a trip to Iowa, we took a trip to northern Minnesota.“One time, somebody impersonated a family friend and so I complimented her on the cookies she sent last week and asked for the recipe. The correct answer was, there were no cookies. If you’re not sure, challenge with a question like that and evaluate the answer. Use your creativity.”4. Reach out in another way.Rather than just trusting a profile created on one web site, try to reach out to the person in a different way.“Contact the perso n on a different platform,” urged Eaton-Cardone. If you receive an urgent-but-suspicious message from a Facebook friend or business colleague, it might be a good idea to stop responding and start calling.Just pick up the phone and say hello. Or you could try sending a follow-up message on a different platformâ€"Skype, LinkedIn, email, whatever. Its a nice excuse for staying in touch, and the other person should be made aware that his or her account could be compromised.5. Examine their photographs.You are hopefully web savvy enough to realize that any profile without photographs is inherently suspect. But even a profile filled with photos warrants investigation.“Use Google Image Search Tool,” recommended Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Director for BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). “Google has a wonderful tool to help spot online fakers. You simply drag the person’s photos into Google’s search bar and this will bring up similar pictures it finds on the internet. If these photos were from someone else’s profile, there’s a chance it might show up in the search. Compare names and profiles. It may have your answer straight away.“While not all photos online are tagged, such as on Facebook, it’s one more easy way to double check a person’s identity. Fakers can steal pictures from someone else’s profile, but it would be hard for them to tag all the people in them. Scroll over the photos, but if they are all tagged and linked to credible Facebook pages, then they are most likely the person in their pictures. As well, look to see if anyone has tagged them in photos too.”6. Take note if they’re asking for personal information and don’t give it to them.It should make you very suspicious if the person you’re talking to online is trying to get access to your personal info. Also, don’t give it to them!“Catfishing is one of the original online stories that emerged, yet people still fall prey to these imposters,” warned Lavelle. “N o one should be asking for money for any reason or for your personal information. This is one of the biggest red flags of all.It doesn’t matter what they say the emergency or need isâ€"if they’re asking for either, they’re not who they say they are and you should end communication immediately.”7.  Do some investigating.Beyond their photographs (or lack thereof) see what other information you can dig up online about the person.“If you can not find someone’s name online, they could be using a fake name,” explained Lavelle. “Or if you do find them, and it does not look like them, they could be identity thieves.”8. Use your common sense.Sometimes if your gut is telling you something is up, it’s because something is up. At the end of the day, it’s going to be your call whether to trust someone or not, but it’s important to be very careful.“Humans are highly social creatures,” offered Eaton-Cardone. “Weve been interacting with an astoundingly diverse number o f people, literally since the moment we were born. Its not necessarily intuition, but we have a highly sophisticated, innate sense of social construct.When something is amiss, we often feel it. We sense it. Something deep inside screams out that this just doesnt seem right. When we feel this way in public, we obviously become much more vigilant about our surroundings.Well, the same should apply to the online world: If someones word choices, speech patterns or topic of conversation seems highly unusual, then you need to be extra careful.Now it’s up to you. Will you spot the next online imposter? To learn more about keeping your money and your identity safe from would-be fraudsters, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:What to Do About Data LeaksExpert Roundup: 13 Signs You’re Being ScammedHow to Protect Your Personal Info While TravelingHow to Identify and Avoid Fake Tech Support ScamsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us kno w! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  InstagramContributorsMonica Eaton-Cardone is the owner, co-founder,  and COO of  Chargebacks911 (@chargebacks911), the first global company dedicated to preventing chargeback fraud, eliminating cyber-shoplifting and safeguarding the “eCommerce experience” for retailers, banks, buyers and sellers.   Chargebacks911 manages billions of online transactions annually and has helped its clients recover over $1 billion in disputed revenue. Monica is also the author of Chargebacks for Dummies (published in 2018), part of the best-selling instructional/reference book series.Justin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide pea ce of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable way to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allows individuals to find more information about people, phone numbers, email addresses,  and property records.Greg Scott (@DGregScott) is a veteran of the tumultuous IT industry. After surviving round after round of layoffs at Digital Equipment Corporation, a large computer company in its day, he branched out on his own in 1994 and started Scott Consulting. A larger firm bought Scott Consulting in 1999, just as the dot com bust devastated the IT Service industry. A glutton for punishment, he went out on his own again in late 1999 and started Infrasupport Corporation, this time with a laser focus on infrastructure and security. In late summer, 2015, after “Bullseye Breach” was published, he accepted a job offer with Red Hat, Inc. an enterprise software company.  Greg Scott’s two novels have a cybersecurity theme, and he hopes readers enjoy the fiction and learn abou t internet threats.

Love, Wealth, and Marriage - 996 Words

Pride and Prejudice, authored by Jane Austen, is a skillfully crafted novel dealing with love, comedy, and first impressions. The novel follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, and her middleclass family living in 19th century England. Elizabeth, unlike her younger sisters, is quite quick-witted but perhaps is too judgmental and relies very heavily on her first impressions of people; this is clearly evident after her first meeting with Mr. Darcy. Lydia, Elizabeth’s youngest sister, is rather childish and seems to be quite foolish; this is made quite evident when she marries Mr. Wickham. Another important female character is Charlotte Lucas, Elizabeth’s opportunistic friend; she marries Collins after Elizabeth rejects his marriage†¦show more content†¦Acting on his impression Darcy convinced his good friend Mr. Bingly into leaving the area and to break off relations with Jane, Elizabeth’s eldest sister. When Elizabeth became aware of Mr. Darcyâ€℠¢s actions she became quite cross with him and her opinion of him worsened. Her dislike of Darcy actually blinded her to his feelings for her and she was quite shocked when he proposed to her the first time. She declined his first proposal and stated her grievances with him as her reasons for not accepting. After receiving a letter from him describing his actions and a visit to his estate in Pemberly she began to see Darcy’s true nature. After learning of his true nature she started falling in love with him and in the end accepted his second marriage proposal. Their relationship grew over time and each had the chance to observe the others character; this being the case they were both able to obtain an accurate idea of what the other was truly like. A union like theirs typically lasts much longer and is one of love and prosperity for both parties involved. The idea of the novel seems to lie in the portrayal of the three main unions. The union of Collins and Charlotte demonstrates the ideas of ambition and a one-sided marriage; where as the union between Elizabeth and Darcy shows one of compassion and mutual love. Lydia’s marriage to Wickham shows the darker side of society and howShow MoreRelatedLove Wealth And Marriage Analysis977 Words   |  4 PagesLove, Wealth, and Marriage Pride and Prejudice, authored by Jane Austen, is a skillfully crafted novel dealing with love, comedy, and first impressions. The novel follows the main character, Elizabeth Bennet, and her middleclass family living in 19th century England. Elizabeth, unlike her younger sisters, is quite quick-witted but perhaps is too judgmental and relies very heavily on her first impressions of people; this is clearly evident after her first meeting with Mr. Darcy. Lydia, Elizabeth’sRead MoreEssay on Jane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion1231 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion In Persuasion, marriage is one of the major themes of the novel, and Austens attitudes towards marriage are present in chapter four of the novel. The first episode in which we can examine Austens attitudes to marriage is in chapter four. In chapter four we must notice that there is no direct speech, which shows that all of the narration is Austen, with her views and opinions being presented to us. When talking of Mr. Wentworth, AustenRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1005 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes. One theme that especially stood out was the idea of how love is more important than wealth and status. In the nineteenth century people married for wealth, status, and comfort. Women did not care if they were happy or married the man of their dreams as long as they had someone to support them. They did not marry for love and it was very rare to find a married couple who was really in love. Jane Austen truly believes that love can overcome the social norm and prevail. Her use of social commentaryRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 Pagesto finding a prestigious mate of good wealth and social status. The primary goal for woman from this era was marriage. After reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Thr ough the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of societyRead MoreEssay on Marriage Without Love in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen1640 Words   |  7 Pagessisters get in over superficial marriages. Unlike her sisters, Elizabeth is set on finding love, and will not sacrifice love for any absurd amount of money or status. Austen wrote during the uprising of the middle classwhich created an increase of individualistic views. Thus, Austen challenges class hierarchy by juxtaposing Elizabeth with the aristocracy in order to satirize the nobility’s divergence from the natural love of a man and women in holy matrimony, to marriages imposition as an artificialRead MoreMarriage; a familiar concept that has existed since ancient societies, has not always been the same1300 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage; a familiar concept that has existed since ancient societies, has not always been the same concept modern society deems it to be. We, in modern days, seem to instantaneously link love to marriage because it is a tradition that has been passed down to us from previous generations. Even though today we accustom love with marriage because that is how it is perceived, for most of human history, marriage was not exactly the â€Å"traditional tradition† as it is now. Though marriage in modern societyRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1732 Words   |  7 PagesIn Pride and Prejudice, the first marriage presented is that of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. Being the parents of five daughters, the Bennet s marriage set the example for their children yet their relationship did not constitute true love, but more of mutual tolerance. Mrs. Bennet, an obnoxious women with an erratic temper, symbolizes society’s obsession with material wealth and social standing. As Jane Austen states when describing Mrs. Bennet, â€Å"The business of her Vanek 7 life was to get her daughtersRead MoreMarriage and Social Class Essay741 Words   |  3 PagesMany cultures categorize their society according to wealth, power, education, religion, ethnicity and occupation. These differences usually draw the lines that not all are willing to cross for different reasons. In America, the consequences when crossing classes are usually implemented by an individual’s family and peers. If a person decides to date or marry someone of a lower class, the immediate concern would be if the person of a lower class is interested for monetary gain whereas, the personRead MoreAn Examination Of The Scene Where Mr. Weston1674 Words   |  7 Pagesresidence where we feel warmth and comfort. You can see the different influences that owning a house, property or land can have on people in Emma and Monstress. Owning a home and land is indicative of one’s wealth, creates a divide between classes and causes marriage to be more about ownership than actual love and companionship. In an opening scene of Emma, Mr. Weston outlines the requirements to a successful life, â€Å"He had made his fortune, bought his house, and obtained his wife; and was beginning a newRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1418 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is a fundamental topic in Jane Austen’s famous novel, Pride and Prejudice. Readers become invested in the lives of the Bennet sisters who are constantly dreaming of relationships. Still unknown, however, is Austen’s reason for writing this novel that is so extremely concentrated on marriage. Some critics believe that Austen wrote the novel to portray how different social classes affected the lives of women such as the Bennet sisters. Others, however, believe that the novel was written

Essay on Assimilationism vs. Multiculturalism - 753 Words

Assimilationism vs. Multiculturalism In the words of Thomas Bray, Should we assimilate to one standard, or should we celebrate diversity? This is a popular question in Americas classrooms today. America, known as the melting pot, is made up of many different colors, races, religions, and beliefs. American professors, journalists, and authors would like to know if multiculturalism has a positive effect on children in todays classrooms. Whether or not the students way of life and personal experiences should be discussed in class is a major issue. Maxine Hairston, a Professor of Rhetoric and Composition at the University of Texas at Austin, writes of her experience with teaching in a multicultural classroom. Hairston is a†¦show more content†¦The businessmen, Thomas Bray claims, They tended to agree-as do most of the polls-that bilingual education is a bad idea. California had a state ballot against bilingual education. An opinion as such coming from a businessman who has no experience in as everyday classroom is not a good basis to go from. The Latino citizens in California just want an equally fair chance to get an education as any other citizen of the United States. All people go to school to learn no matter what race, religion, gender, or belief. An excellent point Bray makes, But a country that has no standards to assimilate to is a country without a core. And a country in deep trouble. Bray knows that America is a country of differences and not a perfect one, but we are still all one country. If we do not accep t people and their differences then America will fall apart. Amy Tan, an author, grew up in a multicultural classroom. She writes of personal experiences as being a child of an immigrant family in America. Tan relates to the differences she had because of her mother speaking broken English. Amy Tan does say, That was the language that helped shape the way I saw things, made sense of the world. She shaped the world through her mothers voice, the only thing she knew as a young girl. Tan goes on, But I do think that the language spoken in the family, especially in immigrant families which use more insular, plays a large role in shaping the language of

The Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad - 1305 Words

Kashif Qureshi Western Civilization II 4/18/2016 Question #1 Imperialism is when a country is extending it’s influence by acquiring other governments or territories through diplomacy or military force.There are many motives for imperialism attributed to the different characters in â€Å"The Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad. For example the men who work for the Company describe what they do as trade, and their treatment of native Africans is part of a humane project of civilization. But what these men for the company really do is they extending their influence on the Africans by force. In â€Å"The Heart of Darkness† Marlow who also work for the company states â€Å"It was just robbery with violence, aging gravated murder on a great scale, and men†¦show more content†¦King Leopold from â€Å"The Black Man’s Burden† and the company from â€Å"The Heart of Darkness† have very similar motives attributed to imperialism, such as exploiting Africa of it resources. Joseph Conrad doesn’t si ngle out to any one motive in particular he gives them all their fair share in â€Å" The Heart of Darkness,† the point that Conrad tries to emphasize is how imperialism is associated with many negatives. Kurtz is one of the characters in â€Å"The Heart of Darkness† who has a very clear motive attributed towards imperialism. Kurtz is open about his actions that he does not trade but rather takes ivory by force, and he describes his own treatment of the natives with the words like suppression and extermination. Kurtz has let himself loose by keeping company with excessively with the natives and not keeping up appearances with the company; in so doing, he has become wildly successful but has also made enemies of his fellow white men. Kurtz states â€Å"He began with the argument that we whites, from the point of development we had arrived at, â€Å" ‘must necessarily appear to them [savages] in the nature of supernatural beings- we approach them with the might as of a deity’ † and so on, and so on. â€Å" ‘By the simple exercise of our will we can exert a power for good practically unbounded’ † .(Conrad, 92)† Kurtz believes he is superior to the Africans and he has the right to take whatever he wants by exerting power towards them. His attitude towards the Africans

Management - Organisation and Employment Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Management, Organisation and Employment Strategy. Answer: Introduction The definition of a manager implies an individual, who is in charge of several tasks, which will help a particular organisation to achieve its desired goal within the established period. According to Pedleret al.(2013), the managers of an organisation are responsible for directing and planning the tasks among the group members and monitor their works. The managers are very much important as they can determine the ultimate success of an organisation with employing effective strategies. Richmond et al.(2012) have mentioned that managers are important for business as they play an essential role in the recruitment, selection, retaining and inspiring the employees in perfect manner. This discourse will discuss the roles and responsibilities of the managers in Saud Bahwan Group. The importance of managers in the organisational design involves various functions, such as organising, planning, directing, motoring and staffing. Managers are the responsible for achieving the organisational goal s. Literature review The mangers of an organisation share knowledge with the employees in order to help them to perform their allocated tasks in efficient manner. Watson (2013) has suggested that managers are responsible for the ultimate success of an organisation as they make the relevant decisions regarding tasks, strategies and meeting. The roles and responsibilities of the manager involve a potential management of the entire workforce. There are seven types of manager in the most of the enterprises, such as problem solving manager, pitchfork manager, pontificating manager, perfect manager, presumptuous manager, proactive manager and passive manager (Bredin and Sderlund 2013). The problem-solving manager is solely focussed and task driven for achieving the targeted goals, whereas the pitchfork manager performs their tasks with demanding progress, controlling power and forcing accountability. On the other hand, the pontificating manager does not follow some specific strategy in order to deal with the e mployees (Jehanzeb et al. 2013). According to Kunze et al.(2013), presumptuous managers concentrate on themselves than the employees and they put their own objectives and goals in the priority list. The perfect managers possess excellent qualities, such as the supporter of innovation, creativity and change for both the personal and professional growth of the employees and the success of the organisation. The passive mangers maintain a good relationship with the team members and colleagues, whereas, the proactive manger always provide confidence to the employees for their career progression (Simons 2013). As opined by Rummler and Brache (2012), the managers even possess the power to recruit, promote and terminate the employees. The managers recommend effective actions for ultimate success of the organisation, they fix meetings with the business executives and marketers, and after that, they execute effective strategies with the help of strategic experts and ask permission from the higher authority to employ the strategy within the company. Alfes et al.(2013) have referred that in todays competitive business world, the managers are the major drover of the success of an organisation. A brief introduction about Saud Bahwan Group Saud Bahwan Group of Oman plays a significant role for enhancing the economic condition of the nation with its allied and automotive business, construction equipment, heavy vehicles, turnkey projects, municipal and civic services, special equipment, travel and tourism and property and real estate business (Saudbahwangroup.com 2016). It is noteworthy to mention here that all of these business help to build the nation as Saud Bahwan Group holds minimum 34% market share. Interview After conducting an effective interview with Mr. Mohammed Saud Bahwan, the Chairman of Saud Bahwan Group, it can be understood that this group continues its business in various sectors, therefore, it is required to implement relevant strategies employed by the managers. Mr. Saud has depicted that this particular business group is committed to maintain corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and controlling the pollutions in order to provide a safe environment in Oman. Even Mr. Saud has explained the responsibilities of the managers for the constant success of Saud Bahwan Group. Job and responsibilities The job and responsibilities of the managers of Saud Bahwan Group involves the leading capability as this particular business group maintain various kinds of business operations in different industry. According to Harris and McCaffer (2013), manger should be proficient in every area as this specific individual can motivate the employees in adequate manner. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group measure monitor and evaluate the success of every sector of business and searches for whether there are any drawbacks or loopholes in the entire business operations. It is important to mention here that there are different managers for controlling the different business sectors. The opinions of these managers vary with their performing functions for ensuring a long-term success in the organisation. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group are capable to administer and oversee the business operations on regular basis. Even the managers are very much friendly that the associates discuss any issues regarding their performance within the company and the adopted strategies in order to mitigate certain challenges. The managers of Saud Bhawan group are: Monitor Spokesperson Disturbance handler Figurehead To reduce operation costs To make plans for optimum utilisation of the existing resources To promote efficient economical productions To establish equilibrium Level manager After the completion of the interview with Mr. Saud, it is clear that the level managers of Saud Bahwan Group involve CEO, directors, and the head managers of the every business sector. There are different level managers for construction equipment, travel and tourism, property and real estate and heavy constructions and every level manager plays crucial role for bringing out the best performances of every sectors and determines the ultimate success of the organisation. Saud Bahwan Group has become a successful company in Oman not in one day and its success relies on the effective decision making and incorporating potential strategies by the level managers. Even the level mangers motivate and inspire the employees for completing the allocated tasks in proper manner and the standard and quality of the services of this particular group is excellent, which helps to retain its loyal customers. The level managers support the motivated and talented workforce, which helps to overcome every encountered challenge in the workplace with employing roper commitment and passion in order to deliver excellence. The level managers are efficient enough in order to make critical tasks easier by the avoidance of wastage of the scarce resources for ultimate enhancement of the profit level. Benefit from manager As the managers of Saud Bahwan Group are efficient, therefore, the business is greatly benefitted from the managers. The company holds minimum 34% market share in Oman and it is only possible because of the efficient and potential managers. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group helps in the recruitment and selection process in order to select only the efficient and desired candidates as an employee of this group. Even the managers have arranged proper and essential trainings for the newly recruited employees in Saud Bahwan Group. There are training sessions available for the existing employees also for their further professional and personal development and career progression. Saud Bahwan Group is benefitted because of its managers great and excellent communication skill and style. According to Slaikeu and Hasson (2012), there are no such issues, which cannot be resolved with employing proper interactions. Communications of the managers maintains the workplace running in effective manner and always help the employees to know the mission vision and goals of the business operations. Even with proper communication style, the managers discuss what kinds of outcomes are expected from the employees. Importance of manager Figure 1: Organisational chart (Source: Saudbahwangroup.com 2016) From this above organisational chart, it has been revealed that in Saud Bahwan Groupthe importance of the managers is impeccable, as they have decided appropriate strategies for the ultimate success of the organisation. The activities of the managers of this business group have been endeavoured in the companys award winning achievement. The responsibility an importance of the managers of this group implies the ultimate success of the enterprise. They always suggest suitable and potential strategies for the business growth. Saud Bahwan Group hire potential and efficient managers in order to run the business functions on regular basis train the newly recruited employees and maintain standard and quality of the performances for retaining the goodwill and the brand image of this company. The managers also play an important role for making budgetary, production and financial goals for Saud Bahwan Group. Even if the organisation fails short to fulfil its desired goals, the managers have made essential and required adjustments in order to get back the company on the desired track. The managers of Saud Bahwan Group truly lead to the success of the organisation in efficient manner. The level managers enable Saud Bahwan Group in potential manner for surviving in the changing environment of the organisation and maintain largest business of construction, automotive, travel and tourisms. Conclusion From this discourse, it has been revealed that the roles and responsibilities of the managers of an organisation is necessary in order to hold the best and desired position in the industry and to enjoy a suitable market share. In this study, the managers of Saud Bahwan Group participates in every aspects and performance of the organisation and communicates with every level of employees and associates for solving any critical issues related to the organisational and employees performance, protocols, policies, rules and regulations. The major importance of the manager of this group involves the development of the performance management process, which is a valuable tool in order to support the employee improvement and development. Even the managers have scheduled an effective conversation for the regular performance of the employees for the betterment of the enterprise. The mangers of Saud Bahwan Group control every operation in coordinated and smooth manner for establishing a sound org anisational structure. They arrange various factors of production and assemble it for organising the resources and integrating resources for achieving goals. Reference Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E.C., Rees, C. and Gatenby, M., 2013. The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement.Human resource management,52(6), pp.839-859. Bredin, K. and Sderlund, J., 2013. Project managers and career models: An exploratory comparative study.International journal of project management,31(6), pp.889-902. Harris, F. and McCaffer, R., 2013.Modern construction management. John Wiley Sons. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A. and Rasheed, M.F., 2013. Organizational commitment and turnover intentions: Impact of employee's training in private sector of saudi arabia.International Journal of Business and Management,8(8), p.79. Kunze, F., Boehm, S. and Bruch, H., 2013. Organizational performance consequences of age diversity: Inspecting the role of diversity?friendly HR policies and top managers negative age stereotypes.Journal of Management Studies,50(3), pp.413-442. Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J. and Boydell, T., 2013.A Manager's Guide to Self-development. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Richmond, V.P., McCroskey, J.C. and Powell, L., 2012.Organizational communication for survival. Pearson Higher Ed. Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P., 2012.Improving performance: How to manage the white space on the organization chart. John Wiley Sons. Saudbahwangroup.com (2016) Home Page Available at: https://www.saudbahwangroup.com/[Accessed on November 3, 2016] Simons, R., 2013.Levers of organization design: How managers use accountability systems for greater performance and commitment. Harvard Business Press. Slaikeu, K.A. and Hasson, R.H., 2012.Controlling the costs of conflict: How to design a system for your organization. John Wiley Sons. Watson, T., 2013.Management, organisation and employment strategy: New directions in theory and practice. Routledge.

Romeo And Juliet With Miracle Worker Essays -

Romeo And Juliet With Miracle Worker "Relationship between Romeo and Juliet and Annie and Helen" Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare. It is a love story between two rival families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Romeo who is a Montague falls in love with Juliet who happens to be a Capulet. It is love at first sight, but if their parents find out there will be no way that Romeo will ever see Juliet again. The Miracle Worker is another play that we read. It is about a little girl named Helen Keller who is both deaf and blind. Her parents pity her and let her do whatever she wants. They want to be able to communicate with her so they write a doctor in Baltimore for help. The doctor sends Annie Sullivan to help Helen, which is worth it because she finally gets Helen to be polite and talk. Three people from Romeo and Juliet compare to three people in The Miracle Worker. To begin with, the Montagues and the Capulets along with Mr. and Mrs. Keller and Annie are the first similar group of people. Because the two families disliked each other so much, it kept their children from being able to date each other openly. It forced their children to keep secrets from their parents and made it hard to see each other. The parents in The Miracle Worker are pretty much the same. Mr. and Mrs. Keller didn't like the way Annie was handling and taking care of Helen. They almost made Annie quit teaching because of that. Annie made Helen eat with a fork instead of her fingers. When she wouldn't hold the fork Annie forced her to hold it. The Kellers didn't like this and told Annie to let Helen eat however she wanted but Annie wanted Helen to learn the proper way to eat and behave. Annie was very strict and made disciplined Helen well. Next there are two people who were dependable and friendly to Romeo and Juliet and Annie and Helen. For example Friar Laurence knew all about the marriage between Romeo and Juliet because he is the one who married them. He thought that if they got married it would end the feuds between the families. In addition he also came up the plan for Juliet to drink the potion to make it look like she was dead and when Romeo came it would look like he save her so the Capulet family would like him. James, Captain Keller's son by his first marriage was the only one who believed in Annie at first. For instance he was the first to see Annie teach Helen the alphabet and also got the ladder for Annie when Helen locked her in the room. Also James lets Annie take Helen to the pump by telling Mr. Keller to let Annie teach Helen her way and that for once he is wrong and Annie can successfully teach Helen. Finally the last two people that influenced the relationships are the Nurse and Doctor. The Nurse knew about the relationship between Romeo and Juliet and could have told someone but never did. If she told someone of their marriage she could have saved the two kids lives. Even though the nurse tried to get Juliet to like Paris she couldn't get her to because she loved Romeo. The doctor told the Kellers that he's never seen a baby with more vitality, which was untrue. However he tells them it was only acute congestion. After he leaves, Mrs. Keller tries to get Helen's attention, but she can't because Helen can't hear or see. If the doctor had been better he would have noticed she was mute and told them before or try to save her. Although two different authors wrote the plays in two different times they still have qualities that can be compared. They all have plots, climaxes and settings. Shakespeare's words and way of writing was more advanced than William Gibson's but they both have good work. Romeo and Juliet's ending wasn't happy like Annie and Helen's but in the end they both got what they wanted. Romeo and Juliet were finally together and the families got over their differences, and Annie got Helen to understand that words have meanings and how to communicate.

Fibre Reinforced Plastic

Fibre Reinforced Plastic A new and stronger approach is being developed in the quest to have more concrete structures, coupled with the advent of improved composite materials. A new approach that utilizes fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) is at the centre of the ongoing advancements. The FRP method is superior to prior materials since the composite material has better mechanical properties. The FRP, therefore, finds more use in a range of structures, including masonry walls, beams, slabs and columns, among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fibre Reinforced Plastic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Improving and modifying reinforced concrete structures is usually very challenging for urban developers. The constantly emerging design codes, as well as natural events that lead to wearing out of reinforced concrete structures as a result of environmental exposure alters most concrete structures. Bridges and other civil structures usually presen t a lot of problems when it comes to maintaining, upgrading or rehabilitating them. Making replacements of deteriorated structures is a costly exercise that requires labour and new materials. This drawback is compounded by the fact that replacing these structures disrupts peoples daily lives. Resultantly, it is advisable to do retrofitting as an upgrade option on the structures. When choosing the method for strengthening the structures, one has to consider a number of factors. It is paramount to consider the strength needed for the structure before selecting the strengthening method. Secondly, it is important to consider the change in the stiffness of the member to be strengthened. It is also wise to consider the environmental conditions around the member to be strengthened. Finally, the complexity of the shape of the member should be used to determine the strengthening method to be used. In light of the above considerations, external components are very handy for strengthening conc rete structural members. This requires the use of FRP composite, which is bonded to the tension face. One can also use steel plates for concrete structures. There has been increasing preference for FRP composites as opposed to steel plates as systems for reinforcing concrete. This is because FRP composites have higher strength to weight ratio compared to steel. Moreover, FRP composites can be easily handled and installed. In specific, FRP composites are flexible enough to fit into complex designs. Finally, FRP composites are preferable to steel plates since they are more resistant to environmental conditions.

Make for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Make for me - Essay Example In the poem â€Å"A Letter To Sir John A. Macdonald†, Dumont writes about the wrong things that politicians and businessmen did in the history of Canada. For me, the case is not only true for Sir John A. Macdonald, but also to countless other men who have done corruption and performed wrongdoings to the country. She begins the poem quite ironically, â€Å"Dear John: I’m still here and halfbreed,† the irony is because she is proud to say upfront that she is a halfbreed, while other people look down on such halfbreeds. She has also emphasized her being a halfbreed, or Metis blood meaning that she is a mix of Caucasian and American  Indian ancestry, in the ending where she says â€Å"we’re still here and calling ourselves halfbreed†. In order to properly appreciate this poem, one must have some knowledge of Canadian history, particularly on the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, as well as the Metis uprisings. The railway was shutdown and never used, and what Macdonald did left scars in the people. Dumont pointed this out in her lines â€Å"because you know as well as I that we were railroaded by some steel tracks that didn’t last and some settlers who wouldn’t settle and it’s funny we’re still here and calling ourselves halfbreed.† Their history was one of oppression by a more pure race who looked down because their blood was mixed with different races. As for R. Zamora Linmark’s poem, it was around 1998, after the filming of Brokedown Palace in Manila, Philippines, that Claire Danes, in an interview with Premiere Magazine, said that "The city just fucking smelled of cockroaches. Theres no sewage system in Manila, and people have nothing there. People with, like, no arms, no legs, no eyes, no teeth.? Rats were everywhere...a ghastly and weird city." This prompted R. Zamora Linmark to write the ironic poem â€Å"A Letter to Claire Danes from a Fan in

Engineering Disasters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Engineering Disasters - Essay Example Measures Undertaken to Prevent Future Oil spills ExxonMobil made several changes thereafter to prevent oil spills in future. They are: changed oil tanker routes; strengthening training programs for captains and pilots; alcohol and drug testing procedures for sensitive positions; periodic examination of facilities and transport vessels; improved technology for vessel navigation. The system was deployed in other parts of the world to see that incident of this kind does not happen again (The Valdez Oil Spill 2012). Ethical Considerations in Engineering Catalano (2011) argues that Engineering has been a profession that keeps ethical dimension at the forefront; however, in view of various oil spills that has happened in recent years across the globe, author doubts that ethical responsibilities have not paced with scientific advancements. Author categorically stress that the engineers in this world now must own ethical responsibilities not only to safeguard all of its inhabitants but also our Mother Earth so as to have a secured and safe future for all of us. False Nuclear Alarms False Nuclear Alarms can become a cause of nuclear holocaust and if it happens so then it will be termed as perhaps the biggest engineering disasters of all. Sennott (2001) argues that as per the US government, 1152 false alarms of varying seriousness occurred between 1977 and 1984. This was due to some abnormal information given by warning sensors. The false signaling happens due to various reasons. Satellites can detect the infrared energy that emits from anywhere on the earth's surface. During gulf war, Iraqi Scud missiles were also detected by this satellite system. The author emphasizes that false alarm is in itself not a cause of much concern because they are quite routine now; however, the major threat comes from a second false alarm before the first one has been resolved. Forden et al. (2000) argue that first of the false warning of nuclear attack was noticed on November 9, 1979 by the US system that massive Soviet nuclear strike is on its way. The US defense system was virtu ally making their mind to counter attack through their ballistic missiles. In fact, no attack was initiated by soviet Russia and mistake was discovered soon and global nuclear war was thus, averted. In another incident, on January 25, 1995 Russian radars detected a US Trident nuclear missile. Again, for some reason counter attack was not launched from

Socio-Psychological Study of Personality Essay Example for Free

Socio-Psychological Study of Personality Essay Social psychology and personality psychology have the same job: to seek to understand the meaningful, consequential, and for the most part social behaviors of daily life. Cognitive psychology examines component processes such as memory, perception, and cognition. Biological psychology seeks to understand the physical underpinnings of behavior in the anatomy, physiology, functional organization, genetic basis and evolutionary history of the nervous system. Developmental psychology explores the roots of behavior in genetics and early childhood experience, and changes across the life course. All of these fields could be viewed as foundational for the common concern of social and personality psychology, which is to understand what people do every day. In this light, it is unsurprising that courses in social and personality psychology are among the most popular offerings on most college campuses; their subject matter is not only important, it is personally relevant and intrinsically interesting. This division of labor makes a certain amount of sense, but problems arose as the fields gradually became so specialized that many practitioners of each field became unaware of the basic principles, findings and methods of the other, and grew worse when social psychologists began to suspect that personality psychology’s emphasis on individual differences was misguided. In his memoirs, the eminent social psychologist Roger Brown described one memorably awkward encounter between the two traditions: Personality Psychology Personality can be defined as an individual’s characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms – hidden or not – behind those patterns (Funder, 2007). The ultimate goal of personality psychology is to explain every individual from the inside out. The mission includes describing, measuring and explaining how people differ from one another, uncovering the conscious and unconscious thoughts and feelings that drive behavior, and predicting what people will do in the future, among other goals. But this mission has one problem: it is impossible. The complete study of the individual encompasses too many considerations at once to be feasibly pursued by investigators with human limitations of time and intelligence. The Basic Approaches to Studying Personality Biological Approach The biological approach to studying personality searches for the organic roots of individual differences using anatomy, physiology, genetics, and evolutionary theory. Anatomy. Research focusing on anatomy attempts to identify brain structures that play a role in various personality traits. For example, research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown that shy people, compared to people described as more â€Å"bold,† respond to pictures of unfamiliar people with bilateral activation of the amygdala, and to pictures of familiar people with activation on just the left side of this organ (Beaton, Schmidt, Schulkin, Antony, Swinson Hall, 2008). The challenge for the next generation of research will be to use these intriguing findings to illuminate aspects of personality that were not previously apparent, and to outline psychological processes and interactions among them that are not detectable from overt behavioral data alone. Modern imaging technology offers a theoretical promissory note that will someday be paid but, to date, remains to be cashed. Physiology. Biological research on personality also addresses physiology, examining biochemicals (neurotransmitters and hormones) that might be associated with individual differences in behavior. Dopamine and serotonin are widely studied neurotransmitters. Research suggests that dopamine is involved in the experience of reward and the reinforcement of behavior (Blum et al., 1996), while serotonin plays a role in emotional regulation and feelings of well-being (Knutson et al., 1998). The hormone testosterone has received considerable attention and appears to play an important role in sexual behavior and aggression (Zuckerman, 1991; Dabbs Morris, 1990, respectively). Cortisol, the well-known â€Å"fight or flight† hormone associated with anxiety, fear and aggressive response, appears to be surprisingly low in shy individuals (Beaton, Schmidt, Ashbaugh, Santesso, Antony, McCabe, Segalowtiz Schulkin, 2006). But it also is low in people high on the trait of sensation-seeking, so the situation, as always, is complicated (Zuckerman, 1998). Behavioral Genetics. Behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology both focus on the inheritance of individual differences in behavior. For the good and the bad, we are more similar to people with whom we share more genes (e.g., our parents) than fewer genes (e.g., our cousins). We look like our parents, we are more likely to have high blood pressure if our parents do, and we even have an IQ level similar to our parents. Behavioral genetics extends this knowledge and studies the question: Are those who are more genetically similar (e.g., monozygotic twins) more similar in personality compared to those who are less genetically similar (e.g., dyzygotic twins)? Decades of research has established that most and perhaps all personality traits are heritable to some degree. Indeed, one authoritative researcher seriously suggested that â€Å"the first law of behavioral genetics† should be everything is heritable (Turkheimer, 1998, p. 789). Genes matter, to at least some degree, to a ny psychological outcome and certainly any personality trait. Evolutionary Psychology. Evolutionary psychology studies behavioral patterns proposed to have been adaptive during the development of the human species. It assumes that behaviors that are common to humans (a) have a genetic basis and (b) increased the likelihood of survival and/or reproduction during evolutionary history. The more a behavior helps an individual to survive and reproduce, the more likely the behavior is to be genetically transmitted, and therefore, appear in subsequent generations. Evolutionary psychology has particularly focused on variation in sexual behavior between males and females. It is commonly hypothesized that gender differences in behavior that are still present today exist because, in the history of evolution, the behaviors that increased the likelihood of reproduction for males were different from the behaviors that increased the likelihood of reproduction for females. Psychoanalytic Approach While biological research seeks to identify the specific physical foundations of behavior and personality, the psychoanalytic approach often operates on a level of almost metaphysical abstraction – one that, nonetheless, leads to unique insights and, on occasion, testable hypotheses. Psychoanalysis seeks to understand personality at the deepest psychological level and takes on the unique challenge of explaining what is going on in the hidden and sometimes dark recesses of the human mind. From a psychoanalytic perspective, personality is shaped by early childhood experiences and behavior is ultimately determined by the outcomes of unconscious processes and conflict. The psychoanalytic approach focuses on constructs such as the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, attachment, and ego-strength. Humanistic Approach The humanistic approach was originally based on an even less scientific tradition than psychoanalysis. Early pioneers, such as Carl Rogers (1951) and Abraham Maslow (1987), believed that personality is a special entity that cannot be studied dispassionately from a distance. They argued that unlike rocks and trees, people can perceive, think, and feel, and this fact makes the study of people fundamentally different from other sciences and more difficult than is usually acknowledged. The humanistic approach proposes that the key to understanding behavior requires appreciating each individual from his or her own unique perspective. Humanism is also different from the other approaches in that it focuses on human strength, growth, and well-being, rather than human weakness. Humanistic psychology’s core concern with how people construct their views of reality is echoed in cross-cultural research, which involves understanding the ways in which people from different cultures may have fundamentally different views of the world. Learning-based Approaches Classic behaviorists ignore concepts like happiness and construals of reality because their approach strictly dictates that they study only that which can be directly observed. Behaviorism is a learning-based approach to studying personality and it places heavy emphasis on overt behavior and the rewards and punishments in the environment that condition individuals to behave in certain ways. From this perspective, personality is simply the behaviors that an individual performs as a result of environmentally imposed reinforcement contingencies. Cognitive Approach The cognitive approach, which evolved from and overlaps with the social learning theories, focuses on perceptual processes, thoughts and beliefs, and motivational processes that form the basis of personality and behavior. One way of conceptualizing personality traits is to think of them as dimensions along which people think and perceive information differently. For example, one person might have the disposition to have positive thoughts more readily accessible, whereas another person might have the disposition to have negative thoughts more accessible. Trait Approach The trait approach to studying personality places individual difference constructs (i.e., personality traits) front and center. According to Allport (1931), traits are psychological mechanisms that determine people’s responses to stimuli. He believed that traits motivate and organize an individual’s behavior and knowing an individual’s traits requires observing his or her behavior repeatedly. Such observation will reveal the consistent behavioral patterns from which the underlying psychological mechanisms can be inferred. From this perspective, traits are like gravity. Gravity is a concept that describes the force of attraction between objects and explains a wide range of astronomical observations (e.g., how planets orbit the sun). Similarly, traits are psychological concepts that are used to describe individual differences in behavior and give coherence to a wide range of psychological observations. Nobody has ever seen either gravity or narcissism directly, but perhaps their nature can be discerned from their effects. Behavioral Assessment of Personality The foundation of empirical personality psychology is the observation of behavior – the only way to examine a personality construct is to propose a behavioral manifestation and then observe it. This is true regardless of the nature of the construct, which, as we have seen, might be anything from stimulus generalization, to rejection-sensitivity, to self-esteem, to conscientiousness, to gender identity. The scientific study of personality rests on the following simple formula: P → B. A researcher might theoretically view P as causing B, or view P as a summary of B, but the method of study remains the same. Single Traits When a researcher develops a personality test that measures a single trait, the trait is usually one that that seems particularly important and a huge effort may be made to explore all possible implications. The traits that receive this kind of attention vary over the years, for reasons that may be less than clear. Some traits appear to become well-known and widely researched because they address a social issue that seems particularly important at the time. Multiple Traits Other widely-used personality tests measure a large number of traits at once. The â€Å"many-trait† inventories are typically used to examine the many possible psychological characteristics that are related to an important behavior or life outcome. For example, the California Adult Q-set[1] (CAQ: Block, 1978, 2007; Bem Funder, 1978) consists of one hundred descriptions of specific psychological attributes (e.g., Is critical, skeptical, not easily impressed; Is a genuinely dependable and responsible person). Essential Traits Finally, some personality research is motivated by the question: Which personality traits are the most important? Currently, the most widely accepted answer to this question is the Big Five. The Big Five represent the culmination of more than a hundred years of research aimed at reducing the many possible personality traits to an essential few (Galton, 1884; Thurstone, 1934; Allport Odbert, 1936; Cattell, 1943; Fiske, 1949; Tupes Christal, 1961; Norman, 1967; McCrae Costa, 1987; Goldberg, 1990; Digman, 1990). Research on the Big Five traits is based, in part, on the lexical hypothesis (e.g. Goldberg, 1981), which proposes that anything truly important to human life will be labeled with words. This idea suggests that the most important personality traits will be encoded in language. Therefore, researchers extracted trait-adjective words from the Oxford Dictionary and factor analyzed ratings of them, many times over, along with scores on a multitude of personality inventories. Beyond Self-report Although self-report questionnaires have traditionally dominated the literature and probably deserve credit for having contributed most of what has been learned about personality, they entail two major disadvantages. First, people may sometimes be unwilling to reveal undesirable aspects of their personalities. Second, people are not always aware of every aspect of themselves. Several studies suggest that people rate themselves higher on socially desirable characteristics (e.g., trustworthiness) and rate themselves lower on undesirable characteristics (e.g., laziness). Person Perception and Accuracy The way that an individual is perceived by others is highly consequential. Reputation determines the opportunities that others will make available to the individual and the expectations they will hold. A person with a good reputation will be trusted and find that other people like him or her; a person with a bad reputation probably not get the job that he or she wants, not attract his or her love interest, and be generally disliked. Moreover, a people tend to live up or down to their good or bad reputations because they tend to behave in ways that confirm the expectations of others (Rosenthal Rubin, 1978; Snyder Swann, 1978). The study of how people perceive one another is a major research topic in social and personality psychology (Macrae, this volume). It is called â€Å"person perception research† within social psychology and â€Å"accuracy research† within personality psychology and the difference in labels is more than superficial. The two research paradigms are based on fundamentally different philosophical perspectives, focus on different aspects of social perception, and are studied using different methodologies. Person Perception Person perception research in social psychology is based on social constructivism, in the sense that it treats the views people have of one another as mental constructions, a property of the social perceiver rather than of the person who is described. Therefore, the focus of person perception research is on the cognitive processes that underlie the construction of impressions. Accuracy Research Accuracy research within personality psychology follows a fundamentally different strategy. It is based on critical realism (Rorer, 1990), a philosophical approach which asserts that the best way to assess a judgment is in terms of multiple fallible external criteria that probabilistically indicate the degree to which it is a true reflection of reality[2]. Methods of Accuracy Research. The primary methodology involves comparing multiple sources of information about a person in order to evaluate the degree to which a personality judgment is accurate. For example, if Person A is judged to be high in extraversion by his or her acquaintance, we can evaluate this judgment by comparing it to Person A’s self-judgment of the degree to which he or she is extraverted, to direct observations of Person A’s behavior (e.g., does Person A talk more than others?), and to relevant life outcomes (e.g., does Person A successfully engage in an occupation that requires being outgoing and energetic?). Accuracy research differs from person perception research in that the typical study uses real people as the target of judgment and gathers personality judgments from people who know them in real life along with other indicators such as self-judgments, behavioral observations and life outcomes. Competition Although the accuracy and person perception paradigms differ in many ways, they are potentially complementary. It is not difficult to imagine an interdisciplinary effort that combined social cognition and accuracy research into one big theory that ultimately explained how people perceive one another. However, deep philosophical and methodological differences between social and personality psychology have stood in the way of this integration. Towards a Cooperative Social-Personality Psychology The most useful way to consider situational and personal variables is as interactional partners. This view was operationalized in Lewin’s (1936) well-known formula: B = f (P,S), which explicitly defines behavior as a function of the person and the situation. This equation implies that if we knew all of the relevant psychological properties of a person and all of the relevant properties of his or her situation, we could predict with high precision what the person would do.

How Do Humans Acquire Language? Essay -- essays research papers fc

How Do Humans Acquire Language?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humans live in a world full of communication. Humans possess a native language that separates them from other animals. Language is developed within the first few years of a person’s life. By the time one is a child; he can speak and understand almost as well as an adult. Children world-wide exhibit similar patterns of language acquisition even though they may be learning different languages. How humans learn even the most complicated languages has perplexed the minds of many scientists. Two of the most popular beliefs on language acquisition today are held by Skinner and Chomsky. Their opposing belief on how humans acquire language has become the two standard views on this complicated issue; however, other researchers have also reported convincing theories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some theories of language acquisition that are not as commonly recognized as Skinner’s or Chomsky’s theories are still important in understanding language development. â€Å"Even before using any words, the infant learns to communicate through gestures, facial expressions, and reciprocal vocalization with a caretaker† (Levine 4). These nonverbal behaviors are very important for an individual’s speech development. Another author, Fromkin reported that: Children diagnosed at birth as mentally retarded acquire language in the same way as those with normal intelligence. Not only can children learn any of the thousands of languages that exist in the world, they do so without being overtly taught. It is difficult, if not impossible, to account for this ability without assuming that the brain is genetically ‘pre-wired’ for language. (2) One renowned researcher of language acquisition, Pinker, endorses language as being an instinct. The term instinct conveys the idea that: People know how to talk in more or less the sense that spiders know how to spin webs. Web-spinning was not invented by some unsung spider genius and does not depend on having had the right education or on having an aptitude for architecture or the construction trades. Rather, spiders spin spider webs because they have spider brains, which give them the urge to spin and the competence to succeed. Although there are differences between webs and words, [†¦] it helps to make sense of the phenomena. (5) Pinker also acknowledged that Darwin was the first to articu... ...suggested that language was developed through observational learning and classical conditioning. Some people believe that language development is a combination of the two theories and language development cannot occur unless both are present. Thus far, it is not precisely known how humans develop language. If researchers discovered how humans acquire language, they may be able to solve the problem individuals with hearing impairments experience or prevent hearing impairments from occurring. Works Cited Berry, Mildred. Language Disorders of Children: The Bases and Diagnoses. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Fromkin, Victoria. â€Å"The State of Brain/Language Research.† Language, Communication, and the Brain. 66 (1988): 189-214. Gazzaniga, Michael & Heatherton, Todd. Psychological Science: Mind, Brain, and Behavior. New York: Norton, 2003. Hamaguchi, Patricia. Childhood Speech, Language, and Listening Problems: What Every Parents Should Know. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1995. Levine, Linda. Great Beginnings for Early Language Learning. Tucson: Communication Skill Builders, 1988. Pinker, Steven. The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. New York: Morrow, 1994.

How important is it that Othello is black?

Othello's race and colour are explored in the play, especially in terms of his interracial marriage with Desdemona and therefore are very important and significant. The play ‘Othello' generates dichotomy views on the issue of race at that time and the different confrontations of it allow us to acquire a perspective on Elizabethan attitudes as well as to consider our own argument. One could argue against the importance of Othello's colour like A.C. Bradley who introduced a contention, which acquaints us with such an argument. However, even though Bradley's aspiration to respond to race in a humane manner is hesitant, it is reasoned as he focuses on character and motivation. Bradley fails to observe the racial issue a very significant one and considers it to be: ‘unimportant in regard to the essentials of Othello's character.' He does not find Othello's colour damaging to his dignity either: ‘He comes before us, dark and grand, with a light upon him from the sun where he was born' and recalls that in his view an Englishman would have been as much a victim as this Moor in these circumstances. An interesting issue that many critics debate about is Othello's precise ethnic origins, taking great pains to prove that Othello would have been Arabic in appearance. What Bradley explains on this issue is: â€Å"Perhaps if we saw Othello coal-black with the bodily eye, the aversion of our blood†¦would overpower our imagination†. He most probably had in mind a very dark skinned African Othello, which he argues would be inappropriate for the play. A further argument against the importance of Othello's race could be seen from Jane Adamson who recalls nothing on the debate about the exact shade of Othello's skin, apart from the fact that it is absurd. She assumes that the significance of race in the play: â€Å"has usually been over-emphasised by 20th century critics and producers†. I too agree with her acuity of the matter and furthermore stress to highlight the unsuitable overemphasis on the aspect of Othello's skin colour because other elements in the play such as the tragedy of the play are being isolated. On the basis of being against the importance of Othello's colour and race, it could be argued that Shakespeare presented a black hero instead of a white one to introduce the idea of difference or simply included it as a stage decoration, and from Bradley's point of view if anyone congratulated Shakespeare on the â€Å"accuracy of his racial psychology† – he would have laughed! It is also fair to argue that Othello's race is a very important and crucial issue that many would say interferes with the ethics of the Elizabethan principles at that time, but some chose to find justifications in order to come to terms with Othello, his race and his presence in the play. In his criticism Calderwood focuses on Othello as an extreme outsider amongst the Venetians: â€Å"Moors were simply outsiders, the other who is not like us† however he concludes by awarding Othello his acceptance due to Othello's Christianity. Throughout his criticism Calderwood does not stop supporting the idea of Othello being an outsider, by calling him a ‘sub-human' and emphasising his Moorish and demonic qualities by stating that the Venetian people were ‘honest citizens' and Othello was a ‘deceitful infidel' who was more closely related to animals and the ‘Prince of Darkness'. Nevertheless Calderwood contradicts himself as he jumps from criticising Othello about his race to excusing his dislocation in Venice by accepting the Moor based on his Christianity and his similarity with the Venetians in religion and affirmative actions. Calderwood goes on to reinforce his viewpoint by saying that with his new Christian attitude and lifestyle Othello essentially belongs in Venice â€Å"because he is newly washed in the Blood of the Lamb† and he is not actually an evil enemy amongst honest citizens. He also insists that although Othello is from a different race that comes with many negative associations as well as that he was a former ‘infidel', he should be accepted based on his positive Christian characteristics. Bearing in mind the argument put forward by Calderwood, it is necessary to consider the subsequent viewpoint: Could it be argued that perhaps due to the criticisms, needless and false comments from different characters like Iago on the subject of Othello's race and his marriage to Desdemona a negative transition occurs from a noble Christian to a traditional black Moor? The pressures of Othello's marriage and the negative reactions of those around him do add to his downfall, all of which race is a major factor of, and that underlines the importance of Othello's race in the play. Calderwood set up Othello as a terrific monster, and attempted to renovate him as a Christian, who was worthy of being accepted into his surroundings, however in my opinion, in attempt to explain why he feels Othello deserved the acceptance because of his Christianity, Calderwood's contention is unconvincing but interesting as its an intriguing justification for such a important question of matter in the play as ‘race'. It is difficult to settle on one aspect of the dispute as the contentions introduced by Bradley, Adamson and Calderwood seem to evolve into an assumption against the importance of Othello's colour and race. I must however stress to extend the argument in favour of the importance of Othello's race and colour. All criticism of the marriage is based solely on ‘racial considerations' and this provokes characters to turn against Othello. At the beginning of the play Othello sees himself as worthy of Desdemona's love and his self-perception is that of equality with Desdemona. He accentuates this when he says: ‘She had eyes and chose me' (III.3.192). Othello begins as a respectable Christian general, however, with extensive criticism such as Brabantio's, Othello loses confidence and becomes easily persuaded by Iago who views Othello as a ‘violently jealous fool like all Africans' and ‘a lascivious moor' (I.1.125). With his insight on the nature of Othello, Iago's menacing and insidious racism deteriorates throughout the play and causes the obliteration of the black and white harmony that existed before and causes Othello to behave in an artificial way setting him into an utterly destructive fury that destroys himself and his marriage. When Iago annihilates Othello's positive perception of Desdemona, Othello starts to feel the threat towards his honour and articulates his anger by speaking of his colour in a cynical way: â€Å"Her name, that was as fresh as Dian's visage, is now begrimed and black as mine own face† (III.3.389-91). It is a good example to show how Othello's unawareness of the significance of his race changed by Iago's racism and cruel intentions, turned him into a completely different person, conscious of his displacement and Desdemona's infidelity. Desdemona alone has always acknowledged Othello's inner worth: ‘I saw Othello's visage in his mind' (I.3.252), and even when his morality was concealed she preserved her vision: ‘†¦his unkindness may defeat my life, but never taint my love' (IV.2.162). She is unswervingly loyal to Othello and even when she dies, she declares her love for the inner, obscured Othello, saying: ‘Commend me to my kind lord' (V.2.126). Desdemona identifies her husband's jealousy as ignorable and continues to give him her love to the fullest extent: ‘†¦my love doth so approve him, that his stubbornness, his checks and frowns †¦have grace in them' (IV.3.19). Considering the controversial notions, it is also crucial to analyse attitudes to race in the Elizabethan era, as historicist or Elizabethan attitudes to race in the 16th century were very different to the attitudes now. One could argue that Othello's race, being black in colour, had a shock value effect on Shakespeare's audience. To the Elizabethans Othello's skin colour would not only have displayed a ‘visual ugliness', but moral inequalities. His interracial marriage with Desdemona – a white female, also added to the antipathy of the audience, but also to their interest and excitement as it could be seen that the contrast in their skin colours would in fact provide the exciting theme of forbidden love, but it is the subplot which indicates the threatening atmosphere of hate and distrust in the play. In Vaughn's argument, the critic's focus is on the reaction of the Elizabethan audience towards Othello. She states that Othello's dark race proved to be â€Å"visually significant to the reaction of the audience† and that his physical nature gives visual evidence of him not belonging to his Venetian surroundings. Vaughn reveals that Elizabethans were fascinated by Othello's experiences and related his black colour with â€Å"negation, dirt, sin and death†. His explorations and adventures also contributed to his ‘otherness' and his ‘foreignness' with the connections to ‘nakedness, savagery, and general immorality'. It is true to say that at that period of time the Elizabethans would recognize having black skin as having satanic qualities and perversion, and would link the vilest qualities to African and Moorish people. I believe that the Elizabethan audience could have been appalled by the joining of such ‘contrasting figures' and probably viewed Othello's blackness as being associated with dirt, filth, and the devil as in the Elizabethan mind Othello's race proved him inferior and unworthy of Desdemona and all her positive Venetian qualities. Whereas in modern day criticisms, such a matter would not be concerned as an issue worthy debating about, because ethnic groups became very accepted in England and the different approaches to the issue of race help us acquire different interpretations. Elizabethan environment at the time of the play was tense and the generalizations that were made during that time. Her observation on these generalizations helped to clarify and explain the stereotypes made during the play. Despite the insight into the reaction and thoughts of the Shakespearean audience, the article tended to be repetitive by restating the negative qualities that were associated with Othello's race instead of explaining why they were associated with one another. Concluding could it be argued that Shakespeare made Othello black in order to explore dislocation along with opposition and the consequences of such issues? It would be inconsiderate to ignore the importance of Othello's race in the play because it is most definitely a significant matter. In order to slightly captivate his audience, Shakespeare could have easily added a slight feature in Othello's complexion to add the foreign affect that would be enough, or he could have even made him completely white, nonetheless Shakespeare insisted upon the blackness of Othello as otherwise there wouldn't be the mention to intentionally repellent imagery.

Product Innovation - A Report on Plastics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1482 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Uncategorized Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Introduction Plastics have inspired and continue to give an impetus driving innovation that helps to solve societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s greatest challenges from lifesaving technologies to more sustainable living. In 1850s, plastics were first introduced by Alexander Parkes in the UK while the demand for natural polymers like amber, tortoise shells and animal horns was increasing but their supplies were limited (Andrady and Neal, 2009). As created to have similar and comparable properties to those natural polymers, plastics or synthetic polymers have been accepted to be innovative products and widely used in all industries. To date, there is a very few thing around the world which are not made of plastics. What are Plastics? Plastics are synthetic materials which typically are produced by polymerizing small single molecules known as monomers derived from petrochemical plant (Thompson et al, 2009) or other organic materials such as wood fibers, corn or banana peels. They are divided into two main categories, namely Thermoplastics and Thermosets. Significantly, the majority of plastics produced are Thermoplastics due to being moldable, reheated and reformed repeatedly without chemical change, whereas the latter can be formed only once and will be decomposed after reheat (Gloag, 1946). Although there are many different types of plastics in each group with different characteristics, all plastics have their general attributes including resistance to chemical, thermal and electrical insulators, lightweight, various degree of strength and wide range of characteristics and colours (American Chemistry Council). They can be mixed with a wide range of additives, depending on required finished products, to improve mechanical, physical or chemical properties such as foamed structure, flame retardancy, surface appearance improvement or friction reducing (American Chemistry Council). Plastics consumption Since they can imitate natures, plast ics inevitably have been involved and revolutionized our lives for more than a century. The amount of global plastic production has increased over the last 60 years, from 1.7 million tones in 1950 to approximately 280 million in 2010 (Plastics Europe, 2013). Interestingly, there are four main reasons for such an increase in plastics consumption. Firstly, plastics can enhance their properties relating to toughness, lightness and chemical resistance by adding various types of chemical additives. For example, plasticizers allow plastics to be more flexible. This can be found in food packaging and processing such as plastic film wraps (American Chemistry Council). UV stabilizers, in particular, are added to prevent plastic degradation. Thus, the normal addition of various additives leads to both radical and incremental products innovation in all industries including packaging industry, building and construction industry, automotive industry, electrical and electronic industry and oth ers (Plastics Europe, 2013). Secondly, plastics can be molded and transformed into a wide range of forms which are necessary in all industries ranging from clothing to cutting edge technologies. Thirdly, in comparison with natural materials, plastics are inexpensive and capable of industrial cost saving. Therefore, they replace most of previous key materials such as natural polymers like metal and woods. Lastly, culture change also has an impact on the demand for plastics. Plastics were taken into account as an innovation in packaging industry, as Figure 1: World plastic production Source : Plastics à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the Facts 2012 : An analysis of European plastics production ,demand and waste data for 2011 replacement for glass and aluminium packaging, when consumers demanded for product visibility (Lange and Wyser, 2003). Although most of plastics are not transparent, they can be added some additives to create transparent plastics, such as Acrylic (polymethla methacrylate), Butyrate (cellulose acetate butyrate), Lexan (polycarbonate) and PETG (glycol modified polyethylene terphthalate). Societal benefit of plastics 1. Plastics reduce carbon monoxide emission from transportations. Due to their light weight, plastics reduce vehiclesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ weight and fuel burning, resulting in less carbon monoxide emissions which contribute to global warming. Nowadays, 20 % of private or public vehicles is made of plastics, typically in door liners, steering wheels and electronics, to make vehicles lighter than using other materials such as metals (Andrady and Neal, 2009). Wings and fuselage of Airbus A380, for instance, are designed to use 22% of carbon fibre plastics compound and consequently can result in 15% fuel saving (Plastics Europe, 2013). 2. Plastics offer health benefits in many ways. In food industry, plastics are used extensively as food containers. PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), in particular, is normally employed fo r drinking water bottle, to keep food and water fresh and reduce food and water waste (American Chemistry Council). More importantly, plastics can protect water from contamination caused by water supply. Thus, metal pipes in original pipe system which became rusty because of Oxidation of iron in water (BBC Bitesize) were replaced by plastic pipes. Additionally, in medical aspect, plastics also offer a wide range of medical advantages such as medical packaging and devices including blood and IV bags, supporting tubes, syringes and surgical equipment (SPI, 2013). Obviously, they are incorporated into hospital design as they assist in easy cleaning and sterilizing operation room as well as isolation area against infectious and medical advance technology, especially involving restoration of heart, joints and teeth functions and creation of artificial plastic blood (Plastics Europe, 2013). 3. Initiate economics growth and employment opportunities. As great demand of plastics, there are more than 1.6 million people are employed in the European plastics industries with 300 million euros turnover (Thompson et al, 2009). 4. Plastics enable more efficient renewable energy. Plastics can be used for an innovation of generating renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy. To produce wind energy by windmills, using fibre-reinforced plastics (FRIP) in production of a plastic blade and a plastic rotor offers 33% saving on Greenhouse Gas emission (GHGs) which are the major factor of climate change (Plastic Europe, 2012). In addition, 98% of solar cells are plastic photovoltaics which provide more cost-efficiency, flexibility and GHGs saving than rigid silicon solar cells (Plastic Europe, 2012). 5. Plastics lead to advance technology. Plastics possess the properties of thermal resistance, light weight and lower cost. Consequently, they are always engaged in developing electronic products and applications. For example, in hybrid solar cells, a new generatio n of solar cells from a combination between plastics and nanotechnology causes lower cost and is easier to be produced than their semiconductor counterparts. 6. Improve building and construction performance as well as save energy. Insulation foams or Polystyrene (PS) is recognized as one of the most energy-efficient building materials. By comparing insulation properties between insulation foam and concrete, 1.6 centimeters thick of rigid plastic foam is equivalent to 1.3 meters concrete thick (Plastic Europe, 2012). Furthermore, an installation of plastic applications such as doors and windows frames tends to be easy as they are lighter than other materials. Also, plastics can be used for road base-courses. A Styropor foam, commonly known as EPS, is a thermoplastic replacing concrete in construction of road when load-bearing subsoil is poor, to prevent soil deformation from the weight of concrete (GeoTech Systems Corporation, 1993). The potential example in this respect is the 10 0 % recycled plastic bridge in the Onion Ditch Bridge; a new bridge in Logan County, Ohio, whose important parts were water bottles and detergent bottles which were made of PET plastics. In construction and civil engineering, plastics are usually molded into I-Beam or I-shaped sectors in order to create strength and lightweight (Rhey, 2012). Opportunity to be failure products Although plastics become basic components in all industries as they bring numerous societal benefits, there are several concerns that might cause their failure in the future. Firstly, plastics cause public health problems. Most of additives, including bisphenol A (BPA) ,which are found in many products such as medical devices, food containers, cosmetics, toys and flooring material, and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE), are toxic and can transfer directly from plastic packaging to human (Thompson et al, 2009). The second is waste management problems. Owing to their durability, plastics require a great amount of time for degradation or biodegradation, depending on the chemical compounds of materials and additives added. Moreover, they never burn easily as they melt and bubble and cause a terrible and dioxin smell. Most importantly, plastics cause environmental problem. If they are destroyed by burning, they will emit hazardous gas such as hydrogen chloride gas which causes greenhouse effect and eventual climate change. Moreover, if they are buried into the land, it will bar eluviation of rain water, possibly resulting in flood. Even though 26% of used plastics such as plastic bottles can be recycled, a considerable proportion of 38% is arranged into landfill (Thompson et al, 2009). As a result, toxic from additives in plastics will contaminate surrounding environments like rivers, seas or oceans. Conclusion Plastics are described as a very successful product innovation indicated from a continuous increase in demand and their productions. There are three main succes s factors for plastics to become success innovative product. Firstly, their adaptable molecule structure for various unique properties such as flexibility and durability and forms lead to many technological advance in all industries. Secondly, they bring numerous societal benefits including health and environmental benefits and employment. Lastly, they have lower cost than other materials. However, there is an opportunity for them to obtain failure in the future because they can bring about important problems, particularly concerning environment and public health. 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Product Innovation A Report on Plastics" essay for you Create order